There is often a need to interop with Microsoft .NET components as .NET lets you easily access Windows-specific APIs. Those Windows-specific APIs are not readily accessible with other portable technology such as Java.
For example, in your web application running on IBM i, you want to use the users' Windows logins for authentication. It would be very simple to run a .NET service that does the authentication, and the IBM i simply delegates the task to that service.
If you are not familiar with Microsoft .NET technology, you can read the introduction on Wikipedia.
This tutorial will show you how to: